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The cyclic cellular, histological, and functional changes in the OVARY during the MENSTRUAL CYCLE in response to the changing endocrine environment. The period from onset of one menstrual bleeding (MENSTRUATION) to the next in an ovulating woman or female primate. The menstrual cycle is regulated by endocrine interactions of the HYPOTHALAMUS; the PITUITARY GLAND; the ovaries; and the genital tract. The menstrual cycle is divided by OVULATION into two phases. Based on the endocrine status of the OVARY, there is a FOLLICULAR PHASE and a LUTEAL PHASE. Based on the response in the ENDOMETRIUM, the menstrual cycle is divided into a proliferative and a secretory phase. The cyclic cellular, histological, and functional changes in the ENDOMETRIUM during the MENSTRUAL CYCLE in response to the changing endocrine environment.
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